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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encapsulated PostScript</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;background-color:#e0e0e0;">Encapsulated PostScript</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">
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<ul><li>.eps</li>
<li>.epsf</li>
<li>.epsi</li></ul>
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<ul><li>application/postscript</li>
<li>application/eps</li>
<li>application/x-eps</li>
<li>image/eps</li>
<li>image/x-eps</li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Resource_fork#Types" title="Resource fork">Type code</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li>EPSF</li>
<li>TEXT</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">com.adobe.encapsulated-postscript</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">Vector image format</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Encapsulated PostScript</b> (<b>EPS</b>) is a <a href="Document_Structuring_Conventions" title="Document Structuring Conventions">Document Structuring Convention</a> (DSC) conforming <a href="PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> document format usable as a <a href="Graphics_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics file format">graphics file format</a>. The format was developed as early as 1987 by <a href="John_Warnock" title="John Warnock">John Warnock</a> and <a href="Chuck_Geschke" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Geschke">Chuck Geschke</a>, the founders of <a href="Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a>, together with <a href="Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basis of early versions of the <a href="Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">Adobe Illustrator Artwork</a> file format is formed by EPS together with the DSC Open Structuring Conventions.
</p><p>In short, EPS files are self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing and can be placed within another PostScript document. An EPS file is essentially a PostScript program, saved as a single file that includes a low-resolution preview "encapsulated" within it, allowing some programs to display a preview on the screen. An EPS file contains a DSC comment describing the rectangle containing the image. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previews">Previews</h2></div>
<p>EPS files frequently include a preview picture of the content for on-screen display. The idea is to allow a simple preview of the final output in any application that can draw a bitmap. Without this preview, the applications would have to directly render the PostScript (PS) data inside the EPS, which was beyond the capabilities of most machines that used PostScript.
</p><p>When EPS was first implemented, the only machines widely using PostScript were <a href="Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintoshes</a>. These machines could not directly render the PostScript, which presented <a href="Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a> with the dilemma of how to provide a preview image for the designer while also including the PS version for the printer. On the Mac this turned out to be easy to solve, as the Mac file system includes two parts (known as <i>forks</i>) that are logically referred to as one file. By placing the PostScript in the data fork and a standard Mac <a href="PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a> resource in the <a href="Resource_fork" title="Resource fork">resource fork</a>, both images could be moved about together invisibly as if they were one file. While a PICT preview often contains a <a href="Bitmap" title="Bitmap">bitmap</a>, it could also contain a vector representation of the whole image, providing very high quality previews.
</p><p>Neither of these technologies is commonly used on any other operating system, however. When faced with the same problems on <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>-based versions of their programs, Adobe chose to instead add a <a href="TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> file encoded into the header section of the PostScript. Sometimes, although more rarely, they used the <a href="Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">Windows Metafile</a> (WMF) format instead. WMF has the potential to provide vector previews, similar to PICT on the Mac. Both of these PC format EPS files have a particular disadvantage: because the PostScript data, header, and preview are all in the same file, they will cause printing errors if a program does not understand the format well enough to extract only the PostScript data.
</p><p>A fourth format known as a <i>EPSI</i> includes an <a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>-encoded preview bitmap. This format provides only black-and-white previews. It is mainly used on <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems. With several different ways of representing the preview, EPSI files have limited portability. An application that is unable to interpret an EPS file's preview will typically show an empty box on screen, but it will be able to print the file correctly. The most widely supported kind of preview is a Windows format preview with a TIFF.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulnerability">Vulnerability</h2></div>
<p>Due to the ability to use embedded scripts, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> removed support for EPS files in <a href="Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> programs in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">Portable Document Format</a> (PDF)</li>
<li><a href="Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/eps-file/">"EPS files: Everything you should know about the EPS format"</a>. <i>IONOS Digitalguide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-17</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/support-for-eps-images-has-been-turned-off-in-office-a069d664-4bcf-415e-a1b5-cbb0c334a840">"Support for EPS images has been turned off in Office"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3178702/description-of-the-security-update-for-office-2016-april-11-2017">"Description of the security update for Office 2016: April 11, 2017"</a>. support.microsoft.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2017/05/coming-together-to-address-encapsulated-postscript-eps-attacks/">"Coming together to address Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) attacks"</a>. <a href="Microsoft_Security_Response_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Security Response Center">Microsoft Security Response Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAdobe_Systems_Incorporated" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Adobe_Systems_Incorporated" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems Incorporated">Adobe Systems Incorporated</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818010030/http://wwwimages.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/postscript/pdfs/5002.EPSF_Spec.pdf"><i>Encapsulated PostScript: File Format Specification</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwimages.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/postscript/pdfs/5002.EPSF_Spec.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-04</span></span>.</cite></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tailrecursive.org/postscript/eps.html">A First Guide to Encapsulated PostScript</a></li>
<li><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413212438/https://www.adobe.com/print/features/psvspdf/"><i>PostScript vs. PDF</i></a>, Adobe, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/print/features/psvspdf/">the original</a> on 2016-04-13</cite>: official introductory comparison of PS, EPS vs. PDF.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~mjr/eps.pdf">EPS: a Programming Language</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Graphics_file_formats441" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)">ANI</a></li>
<li><a href="ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li>
<li><a href="ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format">ART</a></li>
<li><a href="AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li>
<li><a href="BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li>
<li><a href="Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li>
<li><a href="BSAVE" title="BSAVE">BSAVE</a></li>
<li><a href="CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format">CAL</a></li>
<li><a href="Cineon" title="Cineon">CIN</a></li>
<li><a href="Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression">CPC</a></li>
<li><a href="CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)">CPT</a></li>
<li><a href="DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface">DDS</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">DPX</a></li>
<li><a href="ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)">ECW</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li>
<li><a href="FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li>
<li><a href="FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)">FLIC</a></li>
<li><a href="Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li>
<li><a href="FlashPix" title="FlashPix">FPX</a></li>
<li><a href="GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li>
<li><a href="HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)">HDRi</a></li>
<li><a href="High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li>
<li><a href="ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li>
<li><a href="Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">ICNS</a></li>
<li><a href="ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a></li>
<li><a href="Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard">ICS</a></li>
<li><a href="ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li>
<li><a href="JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li>
<li><a href="JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics">JNG</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li>
<li><a href="Lossless_JPEG#JPEG_LS" title="Lossless JPEG">JPEG LS</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li>
<li><a href="JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a>
<ul><li><a href="JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Krita" title="Krita">KRA</a></li>
<li><a href="Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li>
<li><a href="Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format">MIFF</a></li>
<li><a href="Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data">NRRD</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster">ORA</a></li>
<li><a href="Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm">PAM</a></li>
<li><a href="Netpbm" title="Netpbm">PBM/PGM/PPM/PNM</a></li>
<li><a href="PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li>
<li><a href="Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li>
<li><a href="PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format">PICtor</a></li>
<li><a href="PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a>
<ul><li><a href="APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop">PSD/PSB</a></li>
<li><a href="PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PSP</a></li>
<li><a href="QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li>
<li><a href="QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li>
<li><a href="Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster">RAS</a></li>
<li><a href="RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format">RGBE</a>
<ul><li><a href="Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">TGA</a></li>
<li><a href="Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF</a>
<ul><li><a href="TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li>
<li><a href="Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact">UFO/UFP</a></li>
<li><a href="Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li>
<li><a href="WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li>
<li><a href="X_BitMap" title="X BitMap">XBM</a></li>
<li><a href="XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">XCF</a></li>
<li><a href="X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li>
<li><a href="Xwd" title="Xwd">XWD</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format">CIFF</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a></li>
<li><a href="CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW">CDR</a></li>
<li><a href="Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li>
<li><a href="AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li>
<li><a href="Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile">EMF</a></li>
<li><a href="EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li>
<li><a href="Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">Gerber</a></li>
<li><a href="Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format">HVIF</a></li>
<li><a href="IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li>
<li><a href="Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li>
<li><a href="Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a></li>
<li><a href="Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a></li>
<li><a href="Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)">Xar</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format">CDF</a></li>
<li><a href="DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li>
<li><a href="MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li>
<li><a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li>
<li><a href="PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li>
<li><a href="PostScript" title="PostScript">PS</a></li>
<li><a href="SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li>
<li><a href="Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Exchangeable image file format (<a href="Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a>)</li>
<li><a href="International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP)</li>
<li><a href="GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b> • <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Encapsulated_PostScript&oldid=1272191666">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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